Wednesday, September 9, 2020
How Long Does It Take To Write 3 Pages?
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Monday, September 7, 2020
âWrite My Paper â Get Expert College Paper Writing Helpâ
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Wednesday, September 2, 2020
How To Write Research Paper . . And Get An A+
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Friday, August 28, 2020
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Sunday, June 14, 2020
Oxycodone Should Remain - Free Essay Example
Outline Oxycodone supports the everyday life of many patients. The discussion on its ban will not end anytime soon since the patients whose life is supported by the medication is increasing every day. It is this situation that makes one wonder whether the Food and Drug Administration agency should ban the medication. The question of how the medication became so popular and why the FDA had to wait that long only to ban the medication when people are so much dependent on it still goes unanswered. But one fact that cannot go away is that the agency was still in existence when the medication was being developed and as it was introduced in the market. They have seen the changes the medication has brought into the lives of people who suffer from diseases that cause the severe pain such as arthritis. The benefits of the medication are enormous compared to disadvantages (Cicero, Ellis, 2015). And the government should care about its citizens who need this medication and lift the ban. Some of the users of this medication have designed new ways of using the medication. They dilute it with water and inject, crush or snort. The uses claim that by doing this, the medication works faster. This challenge does not warrant the banning of oxycodone. The regulations on the use of drugs are the ones that the gov ernment agency should tighten. Those who use the drugs are many, and it is only a few of them who misuse the drug (Harris, et al, 2014). Snorting or injecting the medication is a personal choice the patients make. The suffering that patients who use the medicine correctly and those who are in a severe need for strong pain-relieving medication are going through cannot be overlooked because of a small population who misuse the medication. The federal government agency can consider doing away with the pain mills that prescribe the medication even for minor pains and start set few authorized hospitals, which will serve those patients who are in a real need of oxycodone (Dowell,et al, 2016). It can be an easy way of managing how the medication is administered instead of doing away with it completely. FDA will be in a position to follow the prescriptions given and make physicians accountable. The current system does not hold physicians accountable hence; they prescribe oxycodone to any body who has money while disregarding other medicines which can be used to treat minor pains. Banning oxycodone makes some patients suffer for mistakes they never committed. The alternatives the government is introducing can also be addictive. It only requires a person to taking them for a considerably long period, and it will reach a point where they will become addicted, especially medications made with drugs such as heroin. Banning a medication every time the government notices that it is addictive or it is overprescribed is only a short-term solution which leads to long-term problems for the patients (Chang, Ibrahim, 2017). It is better to develop proper controls that will safeguard patients and ensure physicians are offering the right prescriptions, putting patients life first as opposed to providing medicine to make money. FDA can regulate the use of oxycodone, and therefore it should not ban the use of the medication. The FDA should act now to avoid a situation where p eople who ate in severe need for strong painkillers become a burden. These patients will be unable to do any work on their own, and they will depend on their families for support. If nothing is done, there will be the introduction of more other drugs which will try to fill the void, but they will also become addictive if the motivation behind the prescriptions is the profits the physicians will realize (Coplan, et al, 2013). It is advisable that the government should regulate the medicine market and make those drugs that have the high addiction and are likely to be misused hard to obtain but still accessible to those who require them for genuine reasons. If FDA does nothing, more patients who were used to relieving their pain with the medication will continue ensuring at home and may even shift to using heroin since oxycodone is a medicated form of heroin. Annotated Bibliography Chang, F., Ibrahim, S. (2017). Perceptions of Community-Dwelling Patients and Their Physicians on OxyContin?à ® Discontinuation and the Impact on Chronic Pain Management.? Pain Research and Management,? 2017.retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/prm/2017/5402915/ The article provides details that show the perceptions of physicians and communities concerning oxycodone and its discontinuation. The research provides details of how physicians lead to abuse of the medication, hence the need to regulate how they operate instead of banning it. The physicians are also to blame because they prescribe the medication to patients who do not need it provided they have money to pay for it. The article is applicable in answering the question since it provides information that supports the decision on why oxycodone should remain but under strict regulations. Cicero, T. J., Ellis, M. S. (2015). Abuse-deterrent formulations and the prescription opioid abuse epidemic in the United Sta tes: lessons learned from OxyContin.? JAMA psychiatry,? 72(5), 424-430.retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273468751_Abuse-Deterrent_Formulations_and_the_Prescription_Opioid_Abuse_Epidemic_in_the_United_States_Lessons_Learned_From_OxyContin The article provides details that show how some physicians overprescribe oxycodone. The information provided indicates there is reduced consumption and reduced abuse after the introduction of abuse-deterrent features. The research provides details of how physicians lead to abuse of the medication, hence the need to regulate how they operate instead of banning it. Some patients desperately need it to relieve severe pain which may make them become a burden to their families if they do not get a strong pain-relieving medication. The article is applicable in answering the question since it provides information that supports the decision on why oxycodone should remain but under tight controls. Coplan, P. M., Kale, H., Sandstrom , L., Landau, C., Chilcoat, H. D. (2013). Changes in oxycodone and heroin exposures in the National Poison Data System after introduction of extended?release oxycodone with abuse?deterrent characteristics.? Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety,? 22(12), 1274-1282. Retieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.3522/full The article provides data that shows some comparison between the use of heroin and use of oxycodone. The data provided shows the difference in abuse after the introduction of abuse-deterrent features such as making oxycodone medications hard to crash or dissolve. The research offers some insights on why the oxycodone should not be banned. Patients still need it, and it is hard to ill he void that will be created after it is banned. The article is applicable in answering the question since it provides data that can be used to support the decision on why oxycodone should not be banned. Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., Chou, R. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic painâ⬠United States, 2016.? Jama,? 315(15), 1624-retrieved from 1645.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm The article provides guidelines that show how the medication ought to be prescribed. To those who are suffering from chronic pains. The research provides details of how physicians should only prescribe the oxycodone to those patients who have severe pain and as opposed to those who can pay for it. The physician should also follow up on how the patient is using the medication to help them in case they are abusing it. The article is applicable in answering the question since it provides information that supports the decision on why oxycodone should remain but under strict regulations. Harris, S. C., Perrino, P. J., Smith, I., Shram, M. J., Colucci, S. V., Bartlett, C., Sellers, E. M. (2014). Abuse potential, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of intranasally administered crushed oxycodone HCl abuse?deterrent co ntrolled?release tablets in recreational opioid users.? The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,? 54(4), 468-477. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcph.235/full The article provides information that shows how oxycodone is abused. The information provided shows there is reduced abuse after the introduction of abuse-deterrent features such as making oxycodone medications hard to crash or dissolve. The research offers some insights on why the oxycodone should not be banned. Some patients desperately need it to relieve severe pain, and even the new alternatives can also be abused. The article is applicable in answering the question since it provides information that supports the decision on why oxycodone should be available to people who can be trusted and not everybody. Reference Chang, F., Ibrahim, S. (2017). Perceptions of Community-Dwelling Patients and Their Physicians on OxyContin?à ® Discontinuation and the Impact on Chronic Pain Management.? Pain Research and Management,? 2017.retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/prm/2017/5402915/ Cicero, T. J., Ellis, M. S. (2015). Abuse-deterrent formulations and the prescription opioid abuse epidemic in the United States: lessons learned from OxyContin.? JAMA psychiatry,? 72(5), 424-430.retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273468751_Abuse-Deterrent_Formulations_and_the_Prescription_Opioid_Abuse_Epidemic_in_the_United_States_Lessons_Learned_From_OxyContin Coplan, P. M., Kale, H., Sandstrom, L., Landau, C., Chilcoat, H. D. (2013). Changes in oxycodone and heroin exposures in the National Poison Data System after introduction of extended?release oxycodone with abuse?deterrent characteristics.? Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety,? 22(12), 1274-1282. Retieved from https://online library.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pds.3522/full Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., Chou, R. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic painâ⬠United States, 2016.? Jama,? 315(15), 1624-retrieved from 1645.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Harris, S. C., Perrino, P. J., Smith, I., Shram, M. J., Colucci, S. V., Bartlett, C., Sellers, E. M. (2014). Abuse potential, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of intranasally administered crushed oxycodone HCl abuse?deterrent controlled?release tablets in recreational opioid users.? The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,? 54(4), 468-477. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcph.235/full
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Benefits Of Treatment For Juvenile Offenders - 1934 Words
The Benefits of Treatment for Juvenile Offenders Tompkins, Patrice Texas State University The Benefits of Treatment for Juvenile Offenders The juvenile justice system is broken in the United States but Louisiana, among many other states, is focusing their efforts into treatment over the incarceration of juvenile offenders According to the New York Times (2015), Louisiana has become a juvenile justice reform leader. State and local leaders have been working hard to make dramatic improvements to the juvenile justice system and prevent children from coming into contact with it. Community based programs and services have received more attention and funding in an attempt to rehabilitate juveniles by targeting the root of theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In the early 1990ââ¬â¢s, a large increase in delinquency led to a general increase in the stringency and punitive treatment of juveniles by the criminal justice system. However new evidence suggests there are ways of dealing with young offenders that are more effective and less costly than prosecuting them as adults and imposing harsh sentences (Juvenile Justice, 2009). C ommunity based programs can help keep youth out of the juvenile justice system. Informal probation and consent decrees provide stipulations that the juvenile must abide by in order for their case to be closed so that no further action is taken. This sort of alternative gives juveniles the opportunity to be held accountable while keeping a clear record. Societal view on youth incarceration has changed since the 1990ââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëget tough on crimeââ¬â¢ approach. Our country is plagued by the shameful disproportionate treatment of minority youth at all stages in the justice process, and stands alone in the world in our punitive approach to children, observed the National Juvenile Justice Network in December 2008. A blue-ribbon task force in Louisiana reached much the same conclusion in 2005: Rather than receiving proper rehabilitative care, young people are incarcerated in violent, unsafe facilities that compound preexisting problems, such as child abuse, mental illness, learnin g disabilities, and school failure (Cose,
Foundation of Management for German Republic -myassignmenthelp
Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Management for German Democratic Republic. Answer: Bendix defines managerial ideology in the context of industrial development in various countries such as Russia, the United States, England, as well as the German Democratic Republic in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term incorporated industry bureaucratization and other significant ideological disparities which conflict in regard to managerial use between East and West. Moreover, the phase was justified through the subordination of a large group of persons, employees authority, and disciplinary challenges (Berry, Coad, Harris, Otley, and Stringer, 2009 p.10). The term managerial ideology is based on a selfish interest as the bureaucrats focus on gaining monetary advantages. Conversely, it is associated with labor exploitation and dominance creation. Morgans (1986) metaphors are closely associated with managerial ideology. These metaphors include metaphors of the organism, brain, culture, organization, political system, psychic prison, machines, and instrument of flux, domination, and transformation (Birkinshaw, Hamel and Mol, 2008 p.823). The metaphor of instrument of domination is closely connected to managerial ideology as exploitation instrument and power are featured amongst individuals in the organization. Morgan (1986) discussed metaphor as associations fulfilling their wishes including labor exploitation, environmental challenge, and others. Managerial ideologies have been featured in the formal subordination since industrialization began, and also, is related to high human factor production (Cornelissen and Kafouros, 2008 p.368). This factor relates to Marxian theory and is recommended for managers to achieve organizational productivity as well as labor activities. In the past, organizations were seen as control systems. Later, there was an increase and development of factory systems which resulted in scientific concepts based on managerial ideologies. In reviewing the organizational theory field, the rational bureaucratic organization is a significant dimension. This concept has been obtained from Morgans machine which entails organization of metaphor. The dimension initiates an association in the organization similarly to a mechanical device (Gambino, 2007 p.43). Rational bureaucratic organization technique outlines a structural alignment and an administrative act as a way for attaining the expected goals as well as objectives in an institution. Max Weber described bureaucracy in the context of formalization, instrumentation, as well as legal-rational authority. Max and Weber discussed bureaucracy as an instrument used to oppress and exploit people. Merton, Selznick, Gouldner, and Blau contribute to the discussion of the bureaucratic organization in the organization analysis. Rational bureaucracy impacts the management as well as an administrative practice where differentiation, the hierarchy of command, specialization and formal institutional principles are followed. Robert Merton (1957) was negative when selecting challenges which are associated with the concept of rational bureaucracy. He views bureaucratic personality as a normative relation in regard to the formal regulations and rules that bureaucratic institutions adopt resulting to a stiff bureaucratic personality obsessed with conformity. Additionally, the bureaucratic personality stresses on unconditional and unnecessary compliance to rules and measures without reviewing how to achieve organizational goals effectively (Neo, 2011 p.10). Individual personality, as well as abilities, is impacted through bureaucratic procedures to attain goals. However, rational bureaucratic institutions focus on significant organizational goals or the intermediate goals (Reed, 2006 p.19). Conversely, institutional paradox uncovers that rigid and strict compliance to formal techniques may influence displacement of goals as well as undermine the goals. Based on the theory of human relations and strategies, there is a significant relationship which is developing between organizational structures and human response. Researchers such as Hawthorne commented on the human perspective of an organization. Other theories proposed by Chester Barnard viewed human factors as central of an institution and stated that complex organizational problems are solved based on the members interests since they have to relate to the organizational objectives. Therefore, Barnard recognized common moral purpose as a good way of achieving organizational goals and objectives. Later, Barnard incorporated the concept of an organization which covers the managerial ideologies. In this part, Bernard proposed that to proceed with a sustainable cooperation between members and organization, it was important if the intrinsic rewards were included. That is a common scenario as organizations use incentives to achieve members contributions to achieve organizational goals (Turi, Mocan, Ivascu, Goncalves and Maistor, 2015 p.26). However, the shift from Barnard proposition of incentives is seen as a contradiction. These incentives issued in the organizations serve as motivations for members to work closely to arrive at institutional objectives (Nonaka, Kodama, Hirose and Kohlbacher, 2014 p.140). Based on the scientific researchers, economic humans are seen to acquire motivation through incentives while human relations focus on the needs of the society (Gawer and Phillips, 2013 p.1038). Therefore, human relations involve the social associations, communications, and theories of human associations which attributes to institutional leadership. The realization of new forms of institutions that focus on achieving the transformation to match the needs which relate to the marketing of new organizational concepts is evident. In the current organizations, many want to obtain economies of scale and the scope has emerged. Therefore, organizations must exercise flexibility regardless of specialization. Economies of scale are associated with low costs of producing goods and services in the organization. On the other hand, economies of scope are viewed as the competitive advantage enjoyed by a company due to certain products and services for a specific market niche. Therefore, the organizational philosophers utilize the model of Fordist industrial to feature on the managing as well as organizing abilities of a company to portray the emerging organizational forms. However, in comparing the Fordist standards to the new companies they differ in the context of the division of labor or even jobs standardization (Sturdy, Wright and Wylie, 2016 p.200). Clearly, the older organizational forms do not cope in a dynamic or changing market and economy in reference to economies of scale and scope. Therefore, organizations need to adopt flexibility, and also due to economies of scope they should design their products and services so that they can appeal to specific segments (Williams and Mengistu, 2015 p.13). It is important if organizations focus on building the competitive advantage in a particular segment for maximum organization of resources as well as efficiency in the management of workload to cater for other segments. In the case of economies of scale, companies require manufacturing in large quantities to achieve substantial costs as well as organizing the productions and management costs (ONeil, 2015 p.1630). This is because the production and management costs may impact the organizational productivity if they are ignored. In reviewing the post-Fordist technique, the transition is evident based on organizational tra nsformations which include hybrid structures. Bibliography Berry, A.J., Coad, A.F., Harris, E.P., Otley, D.T. and Stringer, C., 2009. Emerging themes in management control: A review of recent literature. The British Accounting Review, 41(1), pp.2-20. Birkinshaw, J., Hamel, G., and Mol, M.J., 2008. Management innovation. Academy of Management Review, 33(4), pp.825-845. Cornelissen, J.P., and Kafouros, M., 2008. Metaphors and theory building in organization theory: what determines the impact of a metaphor on theory?. British Journal of Management, 19(4), pp.365-379. Gambino, F., 2007. A Critique of the Fordism of the Regulation School. The Commoner, 12, pp.39-62. Gawer, A. and Phillips, N., 2013. 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